Timeout during connect (likely firewall problem)

You may need to speak with your ISP. I don't see UDP requests working either. Perhaps they block port 80 or are using CGNAT for that.

Looks like GoDaddy is your DNS provider. They allow API calls (link here) which can support automated DNS Challenges. Certbot only supports that with a 3rd party DNS plugin which doesn't seem to support a snap install (just pip). But, other ACME Clients support it directly like lego: Go Daddy :: ACME client and library written in Go.

# TCP to port 443 works fine
sudo traceroute -T -p443 mikrocosmos.in
traceroute to mikrocosmos.in (122.179.31.92), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  242.5.235.5 (242.5.235.5)  5.939 ms 242.5.234.1 (242.5.234.1)  18.310 ms 242.5.234.129 (242.5.234.129)  18.301 ms
 2  151.148.10.176 (151.148.10.176)  6.874 ms  6.384 ms  7.391 ms
 3  151.148.10.177 (151.148.10.177)  6.159 ms  6.150 ms  6.140 ms
 4  116.119.112.73 (116.119.112.73)  269.435 ms  268.801 ms  281.156 ms
 5  125.23.102.74 (125.23.102.74)  249.732 ms  248.302 ms  249.714 ms
 6  abts-kk-dynamic-092.31.179.122.airtelbroadband.in (122.179.31.92)  285.337 ms  253.276 ms  285.237 ms
 7  abts-kk-dynamic-092.31.179.122.airtelbroadband.in (122.179.31.92)  264.134 ms  268.975 ms  284.962 ms

# TCP fails to port 80
sudo traceroute -T -p80 mikrocosmos.in
traceroute to mikrocosmos.in (122.179.31.92), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  242.5.234.3 (242.5.234.3)  6.328 ms 242.5.234.1 (242.5.234.1)  8.292 ms 242.5.234.7 (242.5.234.7)  5.929 ms
 2  151.148.10.176 (151.148.10.176)  7.557 ms  6.458 ms  7.005 ms
 3  151.148.10.177 (151.148.10.177)  5.741 ms  5.784 ms  5.850 ms
 4  116.119.112.73 (116.119.112.73)  270.375 ms  270.484 ms  269.697 ms
(nothing further)

# UDP fails to port 80
sudo traceroute -U -p80 mikrocosmos.in
traceroute to mikrocosmos.in (122.179.31.92), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  242.5.235.133 (242.5.235.133)  5.851 ms 242.5.234.1 (242.5.234.1)  5.763 ms 242.5.235.1 (242.5.235.1)  6.807 ms
 2  151.148.10.176 (151.148.10.176)  6.911 ms  7.374 ms  6.383 ms
 3  151.148.10.177 (151.148.10.177)  5.834 ms  5.820 ms  5.751 ms
 4  116.119.112.73 (116.119.112.73)  250.595 ms  283.577 ms  270.204 ms
 5  125.23.102.74 (125.23.102.74)  249.630 ms  265.604 ms  265.620 ms
(nothing further)