Your GoDaddy DNS has multiple A record addresses for IPv4. This usually means you have Domain Forwarding setup in your DNS. You need to disable that and have an A record just for your public IP of your nginx server. Your DNS is currently directing any visitor (like Let's Encrypt) to the GoDaddy service and not directly to your nginx server.
Here is one past thread that describes that process: I got This error - #6 by Geno11x11