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From one of my Dutch ISPs I can't connect entirely: a timeout.
From a different Dutch ISP I'm getting a response from the firewall of the host with "communication administratively prohibited", but only on port 80/443 (from the few ports I've tried). Port 22 (SSH) seems to be working fine, while other ports like the random 1234 (very random indeed) are giving a timeout. So probably a firewall at work here.
It's not uncommon for hosted VPS to also have some kind of firewall set up in their VPS providers control panel. I think this is common on Amazon services, not sure about your Oracle VPS though. Worth taking a look.
Edit: looks like you sniped your post just a few seconds before mine
You might want to put the order "in order": I think now the ICMP rules 2 and 3 are overruling the rules below them. The only port from that list that works is port 22. All the others don't. Also, port 22 is listed twice.. How is that even possible I'd wonder.. But I think that if you rearrange the order so that the port rules are above the ICMP rules, it should work.
Seems to be working now. I can connect to at least port 80. Port 443 is giving a "connection refused", but that's to be expected if there isn't anything listening yet.