How can I order an SSL cert for a domain (which is used on IIS win) from my local linux machine?

Yes Certbot will dump all the certificates, key and intermediates into a known location. You can copy them from there and give them to the windows guys.

You can see a screenshot of this here: Tutorial - Certbot Cloudflare DNS with Apache Web Servers on Ubuntu 16.10

Please note: certbot cannot create PFX files (which windows natively prefers) but you can do this with openssl or your windows guy can do it

Search google for PFX openssl (there are plenty of guides)

Andrei