You're running Apache Coyote 1.1 on shop.appstro.de port 80. This is returning a redirect to https://www.braustuberl.de for every single request, including those for ACME challenges:
It's www.braustuebel.de that has IP address 23.227.38.65.
Let's Encrypt's verifier is following those redirects but is not then getting the answer that it's expecting. Have a look at your Coyote configuration and remove the redirect to https://www.braustuberl.de/
Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/shop.appstro.de/fullchain.pem
Your key file has been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/shop.appstro.de/privkey.pem