I have not yet studied the whole log but something jumps out at me.
You have a very large number of server blocks in that nginx. You probably just need a longer wait time for the nginx reload to become effective.
Try adding this to your certbot command and let us know. Maybe just use 5 or 10 seconds.
--nginx-sleep-seconds NGINX_SLEEP_SECONDS
Number of seconds to wait for nginx configuration
changes to apply when reloading. (default: 1)