So my theory has proven wrong. Even adding an “old” configuration does not make the error go away.
Your theory sounds good to me however it does not make a lot of sense from my perspective. I have the same configuration for many other domains on the same server where it is working. The only difference in this case is that the domain I am redirecting to is on a different server.
In the end I could not be bothered any longer. The original aim was to take the sub domain off the air. As an extra the redirect would have been nice but this is not imperative to me. It would have been nice to get things rolling here but in the end it does not seem to be a LE issue anyways and the time put into it by all you cool guys and me is no longer justifiable.