I have a firewall in the system, that allow only IP's for my country to port 80.
But.. i cant renew LE then,
Where can I get a list of the ip's/networks used by letsencrypt so that i can allow then for the renewal?
Let's Encrypt checks from many places around the world which regularly change, which they need to do in order to confirm that you control the domain as seen from everywhere around the world.
Your firewall should, if possible, allow access to the path /.well-known/acme-challenge/ globally. Or you should use the dns-01 challenge, assuming your DNS servers are globally reachable.
No, because they can and will change at a moments notice.
The reason behind multi-perspective validation is mainly security. And while I'm not a proponent of security by obscurity, with frequently changing IP addresses, I don't think Let's Encrypt should advertise the addresses.