Can you see the newly reissued cert in cPanel?
Yes, absolutely.
To be clear, though, you could always "see" the problem domain (starsandstrife.com) in cPanel (under " Manage Installed SSL Websites" > FQDNs (there's a long list). In that list was the problem domain.
But below in cPanel where you "Browse Certificates" and choose the main domain and then "Autofill by Domain" -- that was the moment of failure: the "problem domain" didn't appear, and indeed when going to that domain in a web browser the certificate failed.
That's what you're "guess" (i.e. ./acme.sh --renew [main.domain] --deploy-hook cpanel -f) fixed
Genius, batman. You deserve a cape.