How many domains in a certificate?

Up to 100, any or all of which may be wildcards.

You can replace it with a new certificate.

90 days.

Yes, but you need to set up the software to do this on your side.

There is no absolute upper limit, only the rate limits that @JuergenAuer linked above.

As an aside, AWS Certificate Manager is provided to Cloudfront users at no additional cost, so that may be a better fit for you - unless you've already tried it and found some limitations?