Each new certificate request using the DNS Challenge must have a new TXT record with a new value. The Certbot Route53 plugin adds the new record during the renew and removes it after.
From the Certbot Route53 docs
The dns_route53 plugin automates the process of completing a dns-01 challenge (DNS01) by creating, and subsequently removing, TXT records using the Amazon Web Services Route 53 API.
As I noted earlier: