The curl: (35) TCP connection reset by peer is the core problem, and it’s a problem between your server and GoDaddy’s, not between your server and Let’s Encrypt.
I’m not sure what the root cause is in this case, but there’s a previous post in this forum suggesting there was a problem with a too-small MTU on some link: [solved] Probably my addresses was banned. There was another answer on Stack Exchange that suggested rebuilding their server with a fresh install. I think a fresh OS install or a new server is your best bet. If you do that, and you can successfully run that curl command, you have a winner.