The Certificate Authority failed to download the challenge files

Looks like you fixed your firewall / timeout problem.

You really shouldn't be using Certbot on Windows anymore. Especially not for a new setup. And, if you insist you shouldn't be using --standalone method with Apache. The --standalone option needs exclusive use of port 80 but you have Apache using that port. Certbot usually won't issue a warning about this problem (on Windows). The cert request will just fail.

You should switch to an ACME Client that supports Windows. See: Certbot Discontinuing Windows Beta Support in 2024

Good options for a stand-alone ACME Client are:

Certify the Web (gui) https://certifytheweb.com/
posh-acme (powershell) Home - Posh-ACME
simple-acme (command line) https://simple-acme.com/

Given you are using Apache another option is its mod_md feature. This is an ACME Client built-in to Apache. If you are reasonably skilled at Apache admin this might be the easiest.

The Apache docs are a good reference and install overview: mod_md - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4

The github for mod_md has very good examples: GitHub - icing/mod_md: Let's Encrypt (ACME) in Apache httpd

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