What says
/var/log/apache2/error_log
Other thing:
The "Segmentation fault" error when starting Apache occurs because Apache tries to load both the old and the new version of php at the same time.
Second:
A segementation fault is an internal error in php (or, less likely, apache). Oftentimes, the segmentation fault is caused by one of the newer and lesser-tested php modules such as imagemagick or subversion.
Perhaps one part of the problem is, that you used tls-sni-01 - challenge before.
Now it is possible that certbot uses standalone, so certbot stops the running webserver and starts an own instance.
This crashes or may produce the timeout (php - version - conflict or something else).
To reduce that: Switch to --webroot as authentication method.
Renewal succesfull 
Thanks a lot @JuergenAuer - When I ever meet you, I will spend you some beer! I really appreciate the time you invested.
What I did:
I totaly disabled php for my apache -> the graceful restart was working. So I uninstalled some old modules and most of my php7.0 and php7.1⌠Then I got to my php.ini and increased âoutput_bufferingâ. I donât really know what exactly caused the error but it seems like it was some php-module.
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