Rate limits - how to known the exact limit reason please?

You have. It's your server and it's your wrong / terrible configuration.

I have an own subdomain service - customer name -> customer subdomain. There is a wildcard certificate, every customer subdomain is added manually (to the dns).

Some customers add own cname entries:

special-name.main-domain-of-the-customer.com -> CNAME server-daten.de

But I have to add a relation

special-name.main-domain-of-the-customer.com -> Goto that customer database + subfolder

So no random domain name works via connecting the ip and sending a domain name or a server-daten.de subdomain as hostname. And no certificate is created.

A wildcard dns entry + a wildcard webserver is a critical configuration. Because it's too open.

Failed validations have their own limit, that's not the 50 / week limit.