That
looks wrong. Normally, that should work.
D:\temp>tracert -4 acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org
1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms fritz.box [192.168.0.1]
2 5 ms 5 ms 4 ms 62.155.240.117
3 6 ms 6 ms 6 ms 217.239.50.102
4 6 ms 6 ms 6 ms 217.239.50.102
5 6 ms 6 ms 6 ms lag-10.edge4.Berlin1.Level3.net [4.68.73.5]
6 6 ms 5 ms 6 ms ae-1-3502.edge3.Berlin1.Level3.net [4.69.159.1]
7 6 ms 5 ms 5 ms unknown.Level3.net [212.162.40.34]
8 6 ms 5 ms 5 ms 172.65.32.248
172.65.32.248 is the ip of acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org.
But curl works. Sometimes, there is a problem with a wrong MTU.
Perhaps change your MTU from 1500 to 1300 or 1200.