How to renew for Dynamic DNS host with no port 80?

Unfortunately not. You may have to shut down the webserver (to free up port 443), use an ACME client with a standalone TLS-ALPN-01 challenge server, and then start the webserver again.

If you can't open port 80 and you can't use TLS-ALPN-01 I would recommend purchasing a domain you can fully control and using DNS-01. Unfortunately TLS-SNI-01 is not an option moving forward because of the security issues that forced its deprecation.