Your redirects should all be 301 Permanent as follows:
http://domain.com -> https://domain.com -> https://www.domain.com
http://sub.domain.com -> https://sub.domain.com
I recommend using a handy-dandy redirect-checker to verify things. 
Right now I'm struggling to interact with your sites. I'm seeing port 443 (https) as closed for both sites.
I'm under the belief that it's where your redirects are occurring in your apache configuration that is causing most (or all) of the headaches. Rudy (@rg305) rightfully suspected this immediately. Hence why he wanted to trace through your apache configuration, which brings us full circle. Many strange things can be afoot in webserver configuration files.
So...
These sites will be our closest friends going forward:
https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/HTTPD/RedirectSSL
https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_alias.html
https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html