Certbot, Dovecot, Postfix, certificate renewal issue

Perhaps you have changed the path of your certificates. Check this older answer:

Something like

# file /etc/postfix/main.cf
...
smtpd_tls_cert_file=  /etc/letsencrypt/live/domainname/fullchain.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=  /etc/letsencrypt/live/domainname/privkey.pem
# File /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf
...
ssl = yes
ssl_cert = </etc/letsencrypt/live/domainname/fullchain.pem
ssl_key  = </etc/letsencrypt/live/domainname/privkey.pem

is required.