The timeout behavior that I see suggests that there is a firewall blocking connections to port 443 on this server—that is, probably nothing wrong with your lighttpd configuration but a firewall that doesn’t allow the outside world to connect to this port.
AFAIK, there is no firewall for Raspberry PI and if there was a firewall, wouldn’t I be not allowed to use 80 as well?
Gonna shut down every firewall on my network
if there was a firewall, wouldn’t I be not allowed to use 80 as well?
It's pretty common on the forum that a firewall or router blocks 443 but not 80, or 80 but not 443. This might be somewhat surprising, but it's not unusual.